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While classical behaviorism emphasized observable actions and external reinforcement, more recent cognitive approaches have highlighted the importance of internal mental states. For example, the concept of cognitive dissonance illustrates how individuals strive for internal consistency, often altering their attitudes or perceptions to reduce psychological discomfort. This shift in focus from behavior to cognition marks a broader evolution in psychological thought, where understanding why a behavior occurs becomes as important as the behavior itself.

Moreover, the influence of social context cannot be overstated. Studies on conformity, such as those by Asch (1951), reveal how group pressure can override personal beliefs, even in situations where the "correct" answer seems obvious. These findings challenge the notion of purely autonomous decision-making and support the view that identity and behavior are, at least in part, constructed socially. This dynamic between individual cognition and social influence is a recurring theme throughout this thesis, particularly in the analysis of identity development and moral reasoning.